Texas A&M University researchers have developed a nasal spray containing microscopic particles derived from neural stem cells that shows promise in reversing age-related cognitive decline in mice. In a study published in the Journal of Extracellular Vesicles, mice at 18 months of age—roughly equivalent to 60-year-old humans—received the treatment. Compared with untreated mice, those given the spray showed reduced markers of brain inflammation and improvements in memory and cognitive function. The benefits appeared within weeks and persisted for months after just two doses.
The research examined “neuroinflammaging,” a slow, chronic inflammation in the brain that builds with age and contributes to memory and cognitive decline. The researchers used tiny biological packages called extracellular vesicles to carry genetic material known as microRNAs into the brain. These molecules act as regulators, helping control how genes are turned on or off inside cells. After bypassing the brain’s protective barrier, the microRNAs help switch off signals that drive long-term inflammation in aging brains and boost cells’ energy supply, potentially improving mental clarity and supporting memory and thinking.
In behavioral tests, treated mice could better recognize familiar objects, detect changes in their environment, and adapt more quickly than untreated mice. According to Ashok Shetty, professor of cell biology and genetics at Texas A&M, “a simple, two-dose nasal spray could one day replace invasive, risky procedures or maybe even months of medication.” Age-related brain diseases like dementia and Alzheimer’s are becoming increasingly common. Studies estimate that about 42% of Americans over 55 will develop dementia, with new cases expected to double from about 514,000 in 2020 to roughly 1 million by 2060. In Texas, Alzheimer’s is a major public health issue; in 2020, about 460,000 Texans 65 and older were living with the disease. The findings are early, and more research is needed to confirm safety, effectiveness, optimal dosing, and human applicability. Researchers are filing a patent for the nasal spray and hope to eventually develop a version for human testing.
This article is an AI-assisted summary. All facts and figures are drawn from the original report: https://news-journal.com/2026/04/23/texas-study-suggests-nasal-spray-could-reverse-brain-aging/